Optical frequency divider with division uncertainty at the 10−21 level

Optical frequency synthesis and comparison with uncertainty at the 10(-19) level.

A femtosecond laser-based optical frequency synthesizer is referenced to an optical standard, and we use it to demonstrate the generation and control of the frequency of electromagnetic fields over 100 terahertz of bandwidth with fractional uncertainties approaching 1 part in 10(19). The reproducibility of this performance is verified by comparison of different types of femtosecond laser-based ...

A Low Voltage 12-GHz Silicon-Germanium Static Frequency Divider with a Selectable Division Ratio

An integrated 12-GHz static frequency divider with a selectable division ratio (16/1, 64/1) realised in a Silicon Germanium technology dedicated for high volume production, is presented. It operates at low bias voltage (2.7-3.6V) providing balanced output signals on 50-ohm loads. The chosen architecture, the adopted design approach and used technology led to a good trade-off among maximum input...

Coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing

Introduction: Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has been extensively investigated to combat RF microwave multipath fading, and has been widely implemented in various digital communication standards such as wireless local area network standards (WIFI IEEE 802.11a) [1]. In this Letter, we propose an optical equivalent of the RF OFDM called coherent optical OFDM (CO-OFDM) to combat...

Green optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing networks

Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) has been proposed as an enabling technique for elastic optical networks to support heterogeneous traffic demands by enabling rate and modulation adaptive bandwidth allocation. The authors investigate the energy efficiency of optical OFDM-based networks. A mixed integer linear programming model is developed to minimise the total power consumption...

All Optical Clock Distribution with Synchronous Frequency Division and Multiplication